Boiler



Aug. 25, 1936.

A. KAZLAUSKAS BOILER- Filed Jne 5,

1933 2 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR. AJQIZLAUS'KAS BY f MAM @M0f` y ATTORNEYSPatented Aug. 25, 1936 UNITED STATES- PATENT OFFICE 4 My Ainventionrelates to boilers and has among its objectsv and advantages theprovision of in,

creased heating efficiency 'through the effective utilization of theordinarily wasted products ol combustion. The invention further embodiesa novel adaptability to boilers of standard construction alreadyinstalled.'

In the accompanying drawings:` Figure 1 is a side elevation of a heatingsystem according to the invention;

Figure 2 is a transverse sectional view along the-line 2-2 o! Figure 5;l

Figure 3 isaI fragmentary view of .a -deec'ton Figure 4 is a sectionalview along the line 4-4 l5 ol' Figure 5; and 1r x Figure'u isalongitudinal sectional view.

In the embodiment selected to illustrate my invention, I make use of aboiler I0 comprising the usual fire box portion I2 and fire tube portionI4. A housing I6 encloses the boiler with the ex-' ception of doors anddempers associated with the` iront end, and has its walls spaced fromthe boiler to provide a chamber I8 around the enclosed portions of theboiler. Thus the products of combustion pass through the ues 20 andaccumulate in the chamber I8.. A partition 22 dennes-the bottom of thechamber I8 and is positioned -above the iloor line 24. substantially ina plane common with the grate in the fire box, .thus providing a space26 communicating with a chimney 26. In Figures 4 and 5, the partition 22terminates at 30 upon each side of the boiler to provide openings 32establishing communication between the spaces I8 and 26.

35 Thus the products of combustion entering the chimney 23, thuseliminating wall surfaces at'- right angles to the direction of movementof the gases, which would tend to impede the dow of gases. l

The volume "of`the chamber I8 is suiiiciently large toinsure lowvelocitys0 that thermoconvection is an important factor inthe movementof the gases within the chamber and with re` spect to their exit. Thecapacity of the chamber I3 should not be less .than the volume of thevilre box, thus insuring good circulation of the'gases. In designing thehousing I6v to provide a space around the sides and top or the boiler,the hottest gases engage the boiler around the steam space so thatrelatively dry steam is delivered at all times. Thus the gases tend tomove downwardly as they are cooled, and the gases leaving the chamberljthrcugh the openings 32 are too 5 c ool to do any evaporating.Furthermore, the chamber I3 provides a secondary' combustion chamber ofhigh temperature, so that substan-` tially complete burning of theordinarily wasted unburned products'. of combustion is attained. 10/However, the heat of the gases entering the -chamber 26 is utilized towarm the partition under the boiler and thus cut down on. the lossofheat fromthat pcrtionof the boiler. These gases also tend to warm thedoor surrounding the 15 heating system and help keep it dry.

In Figures 2 and 3, I illustrate a deector 36 upon each side of theboiler having the lower edges spaced from the partition22 as 'at 33. Thedeiiectors are arranged to deect the gases en- 2 .tering the chamber I3toward the top of the chamber so that the warmest gases will alwaysengage the upper portions of the boiler. v( )rdinarily the gasesentering the chamber I3 will move to the top oi the chamber and passdown- 25 wardly as they are cooled and influenced by draft. vThedeilectors insure movement of the hottest gases over the hottest partsof the boiler at times when a strong ,draft might draw theY gases out ofthe chamberA about' the( lower side walls 30- of 'the boiler before theyhave vascended to the upper part of the chamber. The spaces 38 separatethe deflector 33 and the partition 22 so that there can be no pocketswhich might impede eilicient movement of the gases in the com- 35partment I3, thus permitting thermoconvectlon to influence in a largedegree the movement of the gases downwardly about' the boiler, withuniform 4the danger ofgas explosions, which are, quite v vfrequent whenoil is burned.

The housing I6 comprises two brick walls 40 ,and 42 spaced apart toreceive an. insulating 50 material 44. Referring to Figures 2 and 5, Iplace a sheet of cattle hair felt 46 adjacent the insulation `44throughout the arched portion of the housing I6, which felt is of athickness designated in 55 i ing a single pass for the products ofcombustion,

I provide an outer plaster coat 48 over the top of the housingsubstantially coextensive with the felt 46. I prefer to use a plasteranalogous to the insulating material v44 with the exception of thecinders. Thus the area of the housing I6 subjected to the highesttemperature is provided with additional insulation.

To insure thorough combustion of the unburned gases passing from the ues20, I provide a pipe 50 having a nozzle 52 arranged to deliver asupplemental air jet in the path of the burning gases. This pipe passesdownwardly through the partition 22 and through the housing I6 (seeFigures l and 2) and is provided with a damper 54 controlling themovement of air through the pipe. This damper, as well as the damper 56controlling th`e chimney 28 and the fire door 58, is automaticallyadjusted by the controlling device 60. Devices of this type are Wellknown in the art and need not be described in detail. The Weighted lever62 is connected with the dampers 54 and 56 and the fire box door 58through the medium of cables 64, 66 and 68, respectively. In- Figure 5,I illustrate a feed pipe 10 for the boiler and in Figure 1, I illustratehot water and steam pipes'l2 and 14, respectively. Manholes may beprovided in the brickwork to permit access to manholes in the boiler.

Without further elaboration the foregoing will so fully explain myinvention that others may, by applying current knowledge, readily adaptthe same for use under various conditions of service.

I claim:

1. In combination with a fire tube boiler hava housing enclosing theentire outer boiler shell except the fire box door and defining achamber lying above and on both sides of the boiler shell and anenclosed space beyond the end of the boiler pass in open communicationwith said chamber, a partition defining the lower limits of said chamberand space and lying immediately below the bottom of said shell, saidhousing having an end wall, said partition terminating on either side ofthe re box short of the end wall of said housing to define a downwardlyopening exit, and side walls and a floor cooperating with said partitionto define an exit for the .spent gases of combustion, and exhaust meansin the nature of `a stack for withdrawing the spent gases from saidexit, said side walls including inclined portions defining a taperedentrance to said exhaust means. y

2. In combination with a nre tube boiler having a single pass for theproducts of combustion,

a housing enclosing the entire outer boiler shellexcept the end at thefire box door and defining a chamber lying above and on both sides ofthe boiler shell and an enclosed space beyond the end of the boiler passin open communication with said chamber, a partition defining the lowerlimits of said chamber and space and lying immediately below the bottomof said shell, said housing having an end'wall, said partitionterminating on either side of the fire box short of .the trade as 1/2inch. It will also be noted that the end wall of said housing to dene adownwardly opening exit, and side walls and a floor cooperating withsaid partition to define an exit for the spent gases of combustion.

3. The combination with a boiler, of a housing substantially enclosingthe same and arranged in spaced relation therewith, said boilercomprising a fire box portion and a fire tube portion, a partitionwithin said housing dividing the space around the boiler into an uppercompartment and a lower compartment and terminating short of one end ofthe boiler, to provide openings establishing communication between thetwo compartments, the fire tube portion lying within the uppercompartment, defiecting means within said housing for deflectingproducts of combustion emerging from the fire tube portion toward theupper part of said upperr compartment, and a stack communicating withsaid lower compartment for withdrawing the spent gases.

4. In a steam generator, a liquid receptacle, an enclosure housing saidreceptacle, said enclosure including walls spaced from said receptacle,and another wall not so spaced having an outer surface wholly outside ofsaid receptacle, and conduit means for passing spent gases coming fromsaid enclosure along the outer surface of said last mentioned wall.

5. In combination with a boiler having a shell and re tubes, enclosuremeans for said boiler so constructed and arranged that products ofcombustion pass through said fire tubes, emerge therefrom and then passback in a generally longitudinal direction in a stream along the outsideof the shell of said boiler, and means so constructed and arranged thata fraction of said longitudinal stream is shunted away therefrom, passedin a generally circumferential direction along the outside of saidboiler shell and then returned to intermingle with the products ofcombustion emerging from said re tubes.

6. In combination with an approximately horizontal boiler having a.shell and fire tubes having discharge openings at one end of saidboiler; enclosure means for said boiler comprising a bottom walldirectly underlying said shell, and side and top walls spaced from saidshell and forming a U-shaped chamber, and an end wall, at said dischargeend of said fire tube boiler, spaced from said shell and forming an endspace in open communication with said chamber at said end space; andbafiles, spaced from said bottom wall, extending transversely acrosssalid chamber at both sides of said boiler.

7. In a re tube boiler having a shell, walls dening passages for theproducts of combustion, a partition, extending longitudinally of saidboiler shell, underneath said boiler shell, said partition at its upperfacel covering a portion of the outer surface of said boiler shell, andan exit passageway for conveying the spent gases along the opposite faceof said partition, to Warm said opposite face and reduce the rate ofloss of heat from that portion of the boiler.

ANTHONY KAZLAUSKAS.

